MemoCard lernen mit System

abbasids

shia muslims, take over middle east in 750 with help from zoroastrians and others rule until 10/11th century (already fragmentation in 9th)

gupta

empire between 4th and 5th century in india

buddha

founder of buddhism

ramayana

second indian book about war = bad but he doesn't say anything else in the book

ceasar

between republic of rome and imperial rome, there's some chaos and he tries to fix that, end of civil wars but murdered :/

plutarchus

greek author who said alexander the great succumbed to persian luxuary (mentioned ONCE in the book)

henotikon

thing written by byzantine emperor zeno where he begs people to just be friends

battle of muye

1046 BC Zhou defeats Shang, mandated by heaven

albertus magnus

french doctor who thinks christian realm should be protected, sacrifice for the church=best thing ever, we need peace on earth

wilson

american president during first worl war, brings 14 points to paris peace conference

phoenicia

not really unified people, lived around tyre, loved trading, greeks didn't like them

book of rites

book that explains how china should be ruled, time of zhou 11th-8th century BC (eg low taxes, inspections)

herodotus

historian, wrote about greco-persian wars

angevin

english 12th-13th century rulers

tuyuhun

xianbei origin, live west of tang dynasty, fucked up by tang x tibet alliance

machiavelli

17th century politician, politics=self preservation of the state

pratiharas

8th-11th century hindu north-west indian kingdom

crossing hellespont

alexander did that and Darius III (persians) left mercanaries in charge like a dumbass

pala

8th-11th century indian dynasty, buddhists

cassius dio

historian/senator, late 2nd to 3rd century rome: abuse of power, corruption, endless wars

congress of Arras

1435, part of 100 year war, france scores major diplomatic coup by convincing Burgundy to stop alliance with england

hadrian

Roman emperor, has to withdraw from mesopotamia

sakoku

16th-18th century closed isolationist policy in japan

wu of han

BEST han emperor, ruled from 156-87 BC

pax romana

period of roman "stability", idea that conquest brings prosperity to benighted realms

ammianus

soldier-historian who wrote about rome laughing at the goths (mentioned ONCE)

liao

live in the north of southern song, also barbarian origins, kithan

crusades

urban II orders first in 1095AD because christians in the east aren't treated well

Persian imperialism

late 7th-4th century BC , middle east : satrapies, propaganda (religious), war

clovis

5th-6th century Frankish king, founder of merovingian dynasty, takes on title of consul, converts to christianity

mahavamsa

5th century sri lankan book after pandyan invasion

demosthenes

anti-macedonian athenian statesman, great orator

ban gu

writer cultivated by guangwu of han to say good things abt him, against campaigning outside border

kievan rus

9th-mid 13th century realm, under tatar yoke (Mongols) from13th century

Safavid Empire

16-18th century Iranian empire

trajan

Roman emperor who caused military overstretch in the east

themistocles

athenian statesman, saved greece from persians (after leonidas failed at thermophylae)

Thomas Hobbes

author of leviathan, 17th century brit

eastern han

restored han dyansty under guangwu of han, there is some chaos after ai of han dies

huns

nomads who run from climate change around 4th-5th century? Fuck shit up all over, cause völkerwanderung, gupta downfall, weaken sasanians

quran

teachings of muhammad in a book, justice in umma vs war outside to subjugate non-believeres

de administrando imperio

byzantine 10th century book on statescraft written by constantine VII

Ashurbanipal

last GREAT assyrian king, builder of libraries, conquerer of egypt, medes and persians, second half 7th century BC

carolingians

8th-9th century frankish dynasty, founded by pepin the short in 751, use christianity as a reason to go to war

seljuks

turkic people in anatolia 11th century

emperor Akbar

greastest mughal emperor

wang renyu

describes five dynasties and ten kingdom period in china (after tang collapse)

mahan

american naval strategist that expanded american fleet in late 19th century

mahajanapadas

warring states in india, eg avanti and magadha

orators

guys who give speeches but usually the outcome was already decided before (pelop. War)

assyrian empire

first imperial order in the middle east 14th-7th century BC

proxenoi

kind of diplomats, 'offical friends' with benefits (like tax exempts)

cold war

1947-1991 conflict between US and soviets, mainly fought through proxy wars

xiongnu

barbarians to the north of china, threat dissapears for a bit during han golden age but comes back

oracle of delphi

oracle that signifies shared greek culture

synoecism

one of greek ways of expansion where big cities absorb smaller, surrounding ones

chola

kingdom in the south of india

old testament

account of wars between Israel, Judah, Aram, Moab,…

treaty of tordesillas

treaty that divided the globe between Portugal and Spain in 1494

pechenegs

semi-nomadic people that threaten eastern European states around 12th-13th century, trouble with byzantines and kievan rus' specifically

fatimids

find empire in algiers, start expanding in 909, take over large part of abbasid territory

dong zhongshu

2nd century chinese philosopher, father of neo-confucianism under han dynasty

ummayad caliphate

sunni islam clan in west who prevail after civil war, rule over middle east 7th-8th century

stenochoria

greek version of lebensraum

chu

can refer to barbarians at time of Zhou in the south or to one of the warring states or to like 1 billion other things bc chinese aren't that creative with names

Mount Behistun

rock carving of Darius I under wings of zoroastrian deity

tang taizong

great emperor under tang dynasty

sun tzu

loves war strategy, advisor of wu, contemporary to confucius

merovingians

4th-8th century frankish dynasty, founded by clovis, adopted christianity and reaaally want to be romans

concert of europe

outcome of congres of vienna, 19th century concensus to maintain balance of power

lybians

took over Egypt after the new kingdom era around 11th century BC, first was Shoshenq I, worshipped cats <3

parthia

3rd century BC- 3rd century AD, middle east: cosmopolitan empire, enemy of romans, persian dynasty, embrace zoroastrianism, syncretic

Northern wei

xianbei find this state (north of eastern jin), take over many chinese traditions like the heavenly mandate

peloponnesian wars

431-404 war between sparta and athens, started in epidamnos => calls on greater powers

samudra gupta

son of chandra gupta

lycurgus

guy who made laws in sparta, said everyone should be able to fight

dacia

just a random place in romania (mentioned TWICE in the book), apparently has gold, trajan goes on a campaign and I think Hadrian has to pull out

east roman empire/ byzantine empire

4th-15th century empire in east mediterannean, enemies all around: pope and holy roman empire, bulgars, sasanian/ummayads/abbasids

spring and autumn annals

book that explained what happened in china 771-476 BC

Achaemenids

persian dynasty, rule late 7th until 4th century BC , Cambyses I marries into median dynasty, Cyrus II founds new dynasty and takes over

mencius

confucianist 4th-3rd century scholar, first to think specialization => political harmony

Macao

Portugal's first trading settlement in China

jin

name of dynasty: sima clan takes over wei (who already beat shu) and beat wu, but doesn’t go great (war of eight princes, uprising of five barbarians)

bernard du rosier

15th century french jurist, said business of ambassador is peace

Persian wars

499-494 BC, persians against sparta and athens, starts with Ionian revolt

chandra gupta

first gupta emperor, marries magadha princess

sasanians

3rd-7th century AD, take over parthians, want to be better than them, major power, more strict

crimean war

1853-1856, first industrial war: Ottoman-french-british alliance vs Russia (loses)

confucius

loves imperial harmony, leeft tijdens spring and autumn period

Adam Smith

author of 'Wealth of Nations', rich neighbours=opportunity not threat

tacitus

roman historian, explains how everything is fucked and how most emperors suck; talks about claudius and caligula

khan krum

8-9th century bulgar ruler, fights byzantine empire, dies in 814

rock edicts

inscriptions on ashoka's pillar

goguryeo

1st century BC -7 century AD korean dynasty (biggest of 3 kingdoms, others are silla and baekje)

chandragupta maurya

founder of mauryan dynasty, overthrows Nanda kingdom

zosimus

byzantine historian, late 5th century: describes trouble such as threat along northern border from goths and east from the sasanians (guess how often he's mentioned)

Abu'l-Fazl

biographer and vizier of Akbar (mughal emperor)

zeno

byzantine emperor during fall of rome (476), asks odoacer to depose emperor, has odoacer killed, has some struggles with the pope

warring states

period 476-221 BC China, Jin split into Wei, Zhao and Han , Qin ends up winning

five dynasties

period after tang collapse (I think?)

hundred years war

14th-15th century conflict between France and England

tibet

ally of tang dynasty, also buddhist

battle of tallas

751 tang china loses to caliphate

alliance vakataka

is like major power in india so it helps gupta's get to power and create empire

qin

winners of warring state, very pro unification, a bit too much china (burn scholars and stuff)

vedic age

India starting 16th century BC, post indo aryan migration, sanskrit texts

kanishka

legendary king in kushan empire who had superpowers (alledgedly)

Paris peace conference

1919-1920 conference that results in treaty of versailles, treaty of saint-germain and treaty of sèvres (end of WWI) wilson brings 14 points

corinth

city (I think) founded by Dorians, important trading hub but Athens stole some of its glory so it preferred siding with sparta

alexander the great

son of philip II, macedonian

erasmus

16th century dutch humanist, pro christian league

field of the cloth of Gold

Callais 1520, treaty between france and england that doesn't lead to much, kings wrestle

congress of vienna

1814-1815, european peace conference after napoleonic wars, main actors: Russia, Prussia, Austria, Britain and Spain, no more revolutions+watch balance of power+no more war but just diplomacy

Leagues

greeks form semi permanent coalitions with some other rules, some even have constitutions

shu, wei, wu

three kingdom period after han collapse (220AD)

pliny

Roman historian who said "roman women loveee eastern luxeries"

etruscans

lived in the north of italy, also trading hub, had some friction with greeks because of that

augustine of hippo

"god gave swords to kings to protect christian peace" (christianity as reason for war) ((also … man has one single mention in the book))

caliphate

muslim realm ruled by caliph

peace of westphalia

1648, end of thirty year war

marcus aurelius

Roman emperor who has to try and manage rome's military overtstretch and fix unrest along borders (also mentioned once, I hate this)

denkard

compendium of zoroastrian beliefs,

Seleucids

one of the post alex-empires, the one in the east, I guess the biggest one but I think ptolemy survived longer in egypt

palk trade rivalry

pandya vs sri lanka, pandyan kingdom ends up invading sri lanka

peace of lody

15th century treaty that brings end to struggles between itialian city states

abu hanifa

created concept of dar al-harb, early abbasid caliphate (8th century)

hesiod

author of works and days (I think he romanticized farmer life)

srivijaya

8th-11th century trading kingdom south east asia, tries to appeal to everyone, controls sunda and malacca strait

avars

around 7th century (at first nomadic) people; originate from steppes, driven west by gokturks, threaten constantinople

thomas aquinas

13th century Italian theologian who said kings kan defend their realm using force but need to be motivated by zeal of justice

punic wars

264-146 BC carthage vs rome, starts when messina (sicily) asks rome for help and carthage feels insulted

augustus

first emperor of rome in 27BC

reconquista

spanish defeat caliphate of cordoba

ragioni di stato

concept of national interest, launched by Giovanni della Casa

al-mawardi

author of ordinances of government, go fight dar al-harb

ashoka maurya

grandson of chandragupta, loves errecting pillars, loves harmony

shang yang

4th century BC chinese legalist, agriculture> trade

jainism

belief van shunga kingdom in india (shunga is post mauryan kingdom)

monroe doctrine

1823 american policy, only wage war if our national interests are threatened, stay away from europe

Sea people

immigrants from NW mediterannean around 13th century BC

xianbei

other barbarians to the north of china

Lao tzu

founder of taoism, hates violence, loves harmony

Thomas Mun

17th centruy mercantilist thinker, director of East India Company,

kautilya

advisor of ahsoka maurya, wrote atrashastra

meng fu

palaces of treaties (during warring states period)

Battle of Qarqar

853BC , Everyone jumped assyria (everyone=biblical kingdoms)

palas

8th-11th century buddhist, North-east indian kingdom during four kingdom period

macedonia

kingdom north of greece, unified greece against persians (league of corinth)

eighty years war

1568-1648 war between spain (catholic) and low countries (protestant) ((geuzen))

selden

17th century mercantilist thinker, advocating for mare clausum

pandya

kingdom in the south of india after decline Mauryan empire (death ashoka) in 3rd century BC declare independence, contemporary to Kalinga empire; one of Tamil kingdoms; time of anarchy

Jean Colbert

17th cnetury french finance minister, who said mercantilism is zero sum game

feudalism

eurpean medieval system of giving land in return for service/taxes

peri politikes epistemes

Byzantine book around 6th century? that states ideal emperor is wise philosopher-king

han guangwu

first emperor of eastern han, abolishes slavery, demilitarizes china

al-shaybani

author of introduction to the law of nations, wage jihad against dar al-harb

saladin

founder of Ayyubid Dynasty (break away from Fatimids in Egypt)

gaznavids

muslim power afghanistan?, around 10th century, toppled by seljuk turks

idrisids

establish dynasty in morroco in 788, start of abbasid fragmentation

meiji restoration

1868, Japan is gonna become more westernized and also imperial rule returns

olympic games

776 BC, brings some greek unity

caste system

social system from vedic age, justification for inequality, hindu

kamandaka

inspired by arthashastra, writes book on statescraft for gupta's but they don't follow it and go bankrupt

Persepolis

persian capital, makes alexander fall in love with luxury

gokturks

6th-7th century nomadic confederation, originally from N-china, steppes, early alliance with byzantium also with tang china later expelled

end of tatar yoke

1480 russians cast off Mongolian overlordship

kushan

empire of yuezhi, founded around 30AD, expand into parthian territory but scared of sasanians

homer

author of the iliad

Treaty of San Francisco

1951 end of war between america and japan

thucydides

historian, wrote about peloponesian war

empire sine fine

rome = big

polybius

historian, described punic wars

Immanuel Kant

author of 'perpetual peace' , 18th century philosopher

Medes

first dynasty to rule after Assyrians, took over under Cyaxares in the 7th century BC

sparta

warlike city in Greece

mahabharata

Indian book about war = bad

rashtrakutas

8th-11th century jainist south-west indian kingdom

völkerwanderung

giant chain of migrations all over europe, eg goths, vandals

bulgars

7th-13th? century eastern european empire: khan Krum, got some help from the byzantines (after they got scared of the avars), find khanate in 680, can call themselves tsar because they helped some emperor, also helped byzantines during constantinople siege by muslims 717-718

strategikon

written by emperor Maurice (epische naam wtf), protect chief cities, defensiveness, restraint unless great opportunity, navy important, barbarians are losers

battle of Halule

691BC assyria (sennacherib) against everyone (Chaldeans, persians, zagros kingdoms)

solon

athenian who conquered salamis

han fei

3rd century BC legalist, realist: be ready for war

mercantilism

attitude of first empires to boost trade (tyre, assyria,

tang dynasty

of xianbei origin, topple sui dynasty with help of gökturks and then send them away, second golden age, last from 7th to late 8th century

duke of zhou

came up with heavenly mandate

zhou

first imperial dynasty in china, 1046-771BC

dutas

envoys during ashoka maurya's reign, spread buddhism, do nice things (like set up hospitals)

charlemagne

8-9th century carolingian holy roman empire, 25/12/800 emperor , dies in 814

Mehmed II

Ottoman sultan who conquered Constantinople

justinian the great

527-565 Byzantine emperor who never slept, build hagia sophia, writes corpus juris civilis, treaty with

athens

trading city, in competition with corinth, after salamis annexation: thriving

de commynes

15th century french envoy who is against diplomacy because people lie

vijayanagara

most important kingdom 14-17th century southern India

Flashcard Info

HIR